What does the three-schema approach to database management include?

What does the three-schema approach to database management include?

• A. SPARC
• B. SPEAK
• C. SCORE
• D. SPIN

Answer: (A)

The three-schema approach to database management includes the concepts of the internal schema, the conceptual schema, and the external schema. The acronym SPARC stands for "Standard for the Protocol of Application and Reporting of Catalogs," which highlights the framework used for discussing database schemas within the context of this approach. In this methodology, the internal schema defines how data is physically stored, the conceptual schema provides a community view of the entire database that is independent of how the data is physically stored, and the external schema consists of various user views. Each of these layers serves to separate the user’s perspective from the physical storage of data, ensuring that changes can be made at one level without affecting the others. This separation is critical for data abstraction and helps maintain data integrity, security, and flexibility. The other options do not relate to the established terminology or frameworks associated with the three-schema approach, making them less relevant in this context. Understanding the three-schema architecture is essential for those involved in database design and management as it lays the foundation for effective data handling and user interaction within database systems.

The three-schema approach to database management includes the concepts of the internal schema, the conceptual schema, and the external schema. The acronym SPARC stands for "Standard for the Protocol of Application and Reporting of Catalogs," which highlights the framework used for discussing database schemas within the context of this approach.

In this methodology, the internal schema defines how data is physically stored, the conceptual schema provides a community view of the entire database that is independent of how the data is physically stored, and the external schema consists of various user views. Each of these layers serves to separate the user’s perspective from the physical storage of data, ensuring that changes can be made at one level without affecting the others. This separation is critical for data abstraction and helps maintain data integrity, security, and flexibility.

The other options do not relate to the established terminology or frameworks associated with the three-schema approach, making them less relevant in this context. Understanding the three-schema architecture is essential for those involved in database design and management as it lays the foundation for effective data handling and user interaction within database systems.